Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Non-invasive Metabolomic Profiling of Embryo Culture Medium Using Raman Spectroscopy With Deep Learning Model Predicts the Blastocyst Development Potential of Embryos

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.777259

Figure Lengend Snippet: Raman spectrum and unsupervised clustering with principal component analysis (PCA). (A) The pattern diagram of blastula and non-blastula group. The cleavage stage embryos are similar at day 3 (a,c) , the cleavage stage embryos developed to blastocysts (b) in blastula groups, yet arrested at cleavage stage (d) in non-blastula group. (B) The intensity from both the blastula and non-blastula group are plotted vs. the Raman shift. Solid line represents the average of the Raman spectrum data, and the shading depicts the standard deviation of the Raman spectrum. The average Raman spectrum intensity of the blastula group is depicted by a red line, and the standard deviation of this group is depicted by light red. The color used for the non-blastula group is blue for the average Raman spectrum intensity line, and light blue for the standard deviation. Most part of the two lines overlap with each other, where only blue line is visible. The parts that both lines are shown indicate places where the groups are different. The shading for both groups overlap with each other most of the time, indicating that both groups had similar variations. (C) Unsupervised clustering using PCA showed no specific pattern for the first three principal components. Dim1, Dim2, and Dim3 are the first, second and third principal components, respectively. The numbers in parentheses represent the contribution ratio of the corresponding principal components. The ellipses of the clusters are drawn according to the 95% confidence interval of the data. The blastula and non-blastula group are highly consistent with the first three dimension, as shown by the first three principal components.

Article Snippet: Raman spectra were detected using Witec alpha300 R confocal Raman spectroscopy (WITec Wissenschaftliche Instrumente und Technologie GmbH, Ulm, Germany) with 532-nm excitation wavelength, 1,200 g/mm grating, and 5 mW power.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Non-invasive Metabolomic Profiling of Embryo Culture Medium Using Raman Spectroscopy With Deep Learning Model Predicts the Blastocyst Development Potential of Embryos

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.777259

Figure Lengend Snippet: Raman shift based on the linear discriminant analysis (LDA). (A) Result of linear discriminant analysis. LDA for two categories, blastula or non-blastula, results in one linear discriminant factor (LD1). The number of samples across each LD1 in both groups are plotted in the figure, with the blastula group depicted by red bars and the non-blastula group depicted by blue bars. It shows that the blastula and non-blastula samples had a lot of overlaps within the range from –2 to 2 of LD1, while no overlap is observed outside that range. (B) Raman shifts screened by LDA. The coefficients of linear discriminants are plotted against Raman shifts. Raman shifts with a correlation coefficient greater than 3 were selected as bands with a large contribution to the difference between groups of samples based on rule of thumb. With this criterion, eight different Raman shifts are chosen as the main different components between the two groups.

Article Snippet: Raman spectra were detected using Witec alpha300 R confocal Raman spectroscopy (WITec Wissenschaftliche Instrumente und Technologie GmbH, Ulm, Germany) with 532-nm excitation wavelength, 1,200 g/mm grating, and 5 mW power.

Techniques:

Journal: Life

Article Title: A Spectral Comparison of Jarosites Using Techniques Relevant to the Robotic Exploration of Biosignatures on Mars

doi: 10.3390/life8040061

Figure Lengend Snippet: Raman spectra of synthetic and biological jarosite. Raman spectra from ( A ) 200 to 700 cm −1 , ( B ) 850 to 1350 cm −1 , and ( C ) 3150 to 3650 cm −1 of synthetic jarosite and biological jarosite. The spectral plots are of normalized intensity (arbitrary values) versus wavenumber with a spectral precision of ±2 cm −1 . Spectra are stacked in order to facilitate comparisons. Peak positions and assignments are listed in .

Article Snippet: Raman spectra peak positions and assignments are listed in and demonstrate characteristic features expected of jarosite minerals [ , , , , , ] and correspond well to other Raman spectral analysis of jarosite materials from Rio Tinto (e.g., [ , ]).

Techniques: